This is called cystotomy. Surgery is indicated for stones that are not amenable to medical dissolution or those that are causing urinary obstruction. Other reasons include biopsy of lump that is present within the bladder. Owners should be warned to expect mild hematuria (blood in urine) for 3 to 5 days postoperatively. Follow-up medical management should be based on results of stone analysis and can be in the form of supplements, diet and 6 monthly urine screening tests.